diff --git a/crates/lb/src/fs.rs b/crates/lb/src/fs.rs
index d1bdfc2..21eb60b 100644
--- a/crates/lb/src/fs.rs
+++ b/crates/lb/src/fs.rs
@@ -38,7 +38,8 @@ type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Error>;
 
 /// Items exported by the `lb:fs` library.
 ///
-/// This library can be acquired by calling `require` in Lua.
+/// This library can be acquired by calling
+/// [`require("lb:fs")`](https://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/manual.html#pdf-require) in Lua.
 ///
 /// ```lua
 /// local fs = require("lb:fs");
@@ -53,39 +54,39 @@ impl lb_fslib {
         Self
     }
 
-    pub async extern "Lua-C" fn read(&self, path: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+    pub async extern "Lua-C" fn read(path: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
         Ok(tokio::fs::read(path).await?)
     }
 
-    pub extern "Lua-C" fn read_sync(&self, path: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+    pub extern "Lua-C" fn read_sync(path: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
         Ok(std::fs::read(path)?)
     }
 
-    pub async extern "Lua-C" fn write(&self, path: &str, contents: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
+    pub async extern "Lua-C" fn write(path: &str, contents: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
         Ok(tokio::fs::write(path, contents).await?)
     }
 
-    pub extern "Lua-C" fn write_sync(&self, path: &str, contents: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
+    pub extern "Lua-C" fn write_sync(path: &str, contents: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
         Ok(std::fs::write(path, contents)?)
     }
 
-    pub async extern "Lua-C" fn read_dir(&self, path: &str) -> Result<lb_read_dir> {
+    pub async extern "Lua-C" fn read_dir(path: &str) -> Result<lb_read_dir> {
         Ok(tokio::fs::read_dir(path).await?.into())
     }
 
-    pub extern "Lua-C" fn read_dir_sync(&self, path: &str) -> Result<lb_read_dir_sync> {
+    pub extern "Lua-C" fn read_dir_sync(path: &str) -> Result<lb_read_dir_sync> {
         Ok(std::fs::read_dir(path)?.into())
     }
 
-    pub extern "Lua-C" fn walk_dir(&self, path: &str) -> lb_walk_dir {
+    pub extern "Lua-C" fn walk_dir(path: &str) -> lb_walk_dir {
         walkdir::WalkDir::new(path).into_iter().into()
     }
 
-    pub extern "Lua-C" fn glob(&self, pattern: &str) -> Result<lb_glob_dir> {
-        self.glob_dir(".", pattern)
+    pub extern "Lua-C" fn glob(pattern: &str) -> Result<lb_glob_dir> {
+        Self::glob_dir(".", pattern)
     }
 
-    pub extern "Lua-C" fn glob_dir(&self, path: &str, pattern: &str) -> Result<lb_glob_dir> {
+    pub extern "Lua-C" fn glob_dir(path: &str, pattern: &str) -> Result<lb_glob_dir> {
         let prefix = PathBuf::from(path);
         let iter = walkdir::WalkDir::new(path).min_depth(1).into_iter();
         let matcher = globset::GlobSet::builder()
@@ -99,11 +100,11 @@ impl lb_fslib {
         })
     }
 
-    pub extern "Lua-C" fn temp_dir(&self) -> Result<lb_temp_dir> {
+    pub extern "Lua-C" fn temp_dir() -> Result<lb_temp_dir> {
         Ok(tempfile::tempdir()?.into())
     }
 
-    pub extern "Lua-C" fn temp_dir_in(&self, path: &str) -> Result<lb_temp_dir> {
+    pub extern "Lua-C" fn temp_dir_in(path: &str) -> Result<lb_temp_dir> {
         Ok(tempfile::tempdir_in(path)?.into())
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/lb/src/net.rs b/crates/lb/src/net.rs
index 6c0226d..2899945 100644
--- a/crates/lb/src/net.rs
+++ b/crates/lb/src/net.rs
@@ -53,27 +53,27 @@ impl lb_netlib {
     }
 
     /// An IPv4 address representing localhost: `127.0.0.1`
-    pub extern "Lua-C" fn localhost_v4(&self) -> lb_ipaddr {
+    pub extern "Lua-C" fn localhost_v4() -> lb_ipaddr {
         lb_ipaddr(Ipv4Addr::LOCALHOST.into())
     }
 
     /// An IPv6 address representing localhost: `::1`
-    pub extern "Lua-C" fn localhost_v6(&self) -> lb_ipaddr {
+    pub extern "Lua-C" fn localhost_v6() -> lb_ipaddr {
         lb_ipaddr(Ipv6Addr::LOCALHOST.into())
     }
 
     /// An IPv4 address representing an unspecified address: `0.0.0.0`
-    pub extern "Lua-C" fn unspecified_v4(&self) -> lb_ipaddr {
+    pub extern "Lua-C" fn unspecified_v4() -> lb_ipaddr {
         lb_ipaddr(Ipv4Addr::UNSPECIFIED.into())
     }
 
     /// An IPv6 address representing an unspecified address: `::`
-    pub extern "Lua-C" fn unspecified_v6(&self) -> lb_ipaddr {
+    pub extern "Lua-C" fn unspecified_v6() -> lb_ipaddr {
         lb_ipaddr(Ipv6Addr::UNSPECIFIED.into())
     }
 
     /// An IPv4 address representing the broadcast address: `255.255.255.255`
-    pub extern "Lua-C" fn broadcast_v4(&self) -> lb_ipaddr {
+    pub extern "Lua-C" fn broadcast_v4() -> lb_ipaddr {
         lb_ipaddr(Ipv4Addr::BROADCAST.into())
     }
 
@@ -83,7 +83,6 @@ impl lb_netlib {
     /// [`lb_socketaddr`], the IP address part of the socket address is returned. Otherwise, parses
     /// `s` as an IP address string. Both IPv4 or IPv6 addresses are supported.
     pub extern "Lua" fn ipaddr(
-        &self,
         addr: OneOf<(&lb_ipaddr, &lb_socketaddr, &str)>,
     ) -> Result<lb_ipaddr> {
         if __istype(__ct.lb_ipaddr, addr) {
@@ -91,11 +90,11 @@ impl lb_netlib {
         } else if __istype(__ct.lb_socketaddr, addr) {
             s.ip()
         } else {
-            self.__parse_ipaddr(addr)
+            Self::__parse_ipaddr(addr)
         }
     }
 
-    extern "Lua-C" fn __parse_ipaddr(&self, addr: &str) -> Result<lb_ipaddr> {
+    extern "Lua-C" fn __parse_ipaddr(addr: &str) -> Result<lb_ipaddr> {
         Ok(addr.parse()?)
     }
 
@@ -109,28 +108,27 @@ impl lb_netlib {
     ///
     /// If `port` is not specified, `0` is used as the default.
     pub extern "Lua" fn socketaddr(
-        &self,
         addr: OneOf<(&lb_ipaddr, &lb_socketaddr, &str)>,
         port: Option<u16>,
     ) -> Result<lb_socketaddr> {
         if port != () {
-            self.__new_skaddr(self.ipaddr(addr), port)
+            Self::__new_skaddr(Self::ipaddr(addr), port)
         } else {
             if __istype(__ct.lb_socketaddr, addr) {
                 __new(__ct.lb_socketaddr, addr) // copy constructor
             } else if __istype(__ct.lb_ipaddr, addr) {
-                self.__new_skaddr(addr, 0) // default port 0
+                Self::__new_skaddr(addr, 0) // default port 0
             } else {
-                self.__parse_skaddr(addr)
+                Self::__parse_skaddr(addr)
             }
         }
     }
 
-    extern "Lua-C" fn __new_skaddr(&self, ip: &lb_ipaddr, port: u16) -> lb_socketaddr {
+    extern "Lua-C" fn __new_skaddr(ip: &lb_ipaddr, port: u16) -> lb_socketaddr {
         SocketAddr::new(ip.0, port).into()
     }
 
-    extern "Lua-C" fn __parse_skaddr(&self, addr: &str) -> Result<lb_socketaddr> {
+    extern "Lua-C" fn __parse_skaddr(addr: &str) -> Result<lb_socketaddr> {
         Ok(if let Ok(addr) = addr.parse() {
             SocketAddr::new(addr, 0).into() // default port 0
         } else {
@@ -141,54 +139,51 @@ impl lb_netlib {
     /// Creates a new TCP socket configured for IPv4.
     ///
     /// See [`TcpSocket::new_v4`].
-    pub extern "Lua-C" fn tcp(&self) -> Result<lb_tcpsocket> {
+    pub extern "Lua-C" fn tcp() -> Result<lb_tcpsocket> {
         Ok(Some(TcpSocket::new_v4()?).into())
     }
 
     /// Creates a new TCP socket configured for IPv6.
     ///
     /// See [`TcpSocket::new_v6`].
-    pub extern "Lua-C" fn tcp6(&self) -> Result<lb_tcpsocket> {
+    pub extern "Lua-C" fn tcp6() -> Result<lb_tcpsocket> {
         Ok(Some(TcpSocket::new_v6()?).into())
     }
 
     pub async extern "Lua" fn bind_tcp(
-        &self,
         addr: OneOf<(&lb_ipaddr, &lb_socketaddr, &str)>,
         port: Option<u16>,
     ) -> Result<lb_tcpsocket> {
-        let addr = self.socketaddr(addr, port);
+        let addr = Self::socketaddr(addr, port);
         let socket;
         if addr.ip().is_v6() {
-            socket = self.tcp6();
+            socket = Self::tcp6();
         } else {
-            socket = self.tcp();
+            socket = Self::tcp();
         }
         socket.bind(addr);
         socket
     }
 
     pub async extern "Lua" fn connect_tcp(
-        &self,
         addr: OneOf<(&lb_ipaddr, &lb_socketaddr, &str)>,
         port: Option<u16>,
     ) -> Result<lb_tcpstream> {
-        let addr = self.socketaddr(addr, port);
+        let addr = Self::socketaddr(addr, port);
         let socket;
         if addr.ip().is_v6() {
-            socket = self.tcp6();
+            socket = Self::tcp6();
         } else {
-            socket = self.tcp();
+            socket = Self::tcp();
         }
         socket.connect(addr)
     }
 
     pub async extern "Lua" fn listen_tcp(
-        &self,
         addr: OneOf<(&lb_ipaddr, &lb_socketaddr, &str)>,
         port: Option<u16>,
     ) -> Result<lb_tcplistener> {
-        self.bind_tcp(addr, port).listen(1024)
+        Self::bind_tcp(addr, port).listen(1024)
     }
 }
 
@@ -200,7 +195,7 @@ impl lb_netlib {
 ///
 /// ```lua
 /// local net = require("lb:net");
-/// local addr = net:ipaddr("127.0.0.1"); -- ipv4 loopback address
+/// local addr = net.ipaddr("127.0.0.1"); -- ipv4 loopback address
 ///
 /// assert(addr:is_v4());
 /// assert(addr:is_loopback());
diff --git a/crates/lb/src/task.lua b/crates/lb/src/task.lua
index bca5aef..eee4c51 100644
--- a/crates/lb/src/task.lua
+++ b/crates/lb/src/task.lua
@@ -1,10 +1,3 @@
--- include task functions in the global scope
 local task = require("lb:task")
-
-function sleep(ms)
-  return task:sleep(ms)
-end
-
-function spawn(f, ...)
-  return task:spawn(f, ...)
-end
+sleep = task.sleep
+spawn = task.spawn
diff --git a/crates/lb/src/task.rs b/crates/lb/src/task.rs
index ad65a4e..3e5cc85 100644
--- a/crates/lb/src/task.rs
+++ b/crates/lb/src/task.rs
@@ -35,20 +35,20 @@ impl lb_tasklib {
         Self
     }
 
-    pub async extern "Lua-C" fn sleep(&self, ms: f64) {
+    pub async extern "Lua-C" fn sleep(ms: f64) {
         sleep(Duration::from_secs_f64(ms / 1000.)).await;
     }
 
-    pub extern "Lua" fn spawn(&self, f: function, ...) -> lb_task {
+    pub extern "Lua" fn spawn(f: function, ...) -> lb_task {
         // pack the function and its arguments into a table and pass its ref to rust.
         //
         // this table is used from rust-side to call the function with its args, and it's also
         // reused to store its return values that the task handle can return when awaited. the ref
         // is owned by the task handle and unref'ed when it's gc'ed.
-        self.__spawn(__ref(__tpack(f, variadic!())))
+        Self::__spawn(__ref(__tpack(f, variadic!())))
     }
 
-    extern "Lua-C" fn __spawn(&self, key: c_int) -> lb_task {
+    extern "Lua-C" fn __spawn(key: c_int) -> lb_task {
         let handle = spawn(async move |cx| {
             // SAFETY: key is always unique, created by __ref above.
             let arg = unsafe { cx.new_ref_unchecked(key) };
diff --git a/crates/lb/tests/fs.lua b/crates/lb/tests/fs.lua
index 808561b..ac596a1 100644
--- a/crates/lb/tests/fs.lua
+++ b/crates/lb/tests/fs.lua
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ describe("temp files", function()
   test("temp_dir cleans itself", function()
     local path
     do
-      local dir = fs:temp_dir()
+      local dir = fs.temp_dir()
       path = dir:path()
       assert(path and path ~= "")
-      fs:write(path .. "/test.txt", "test file")
-      assert(fs:read(path .. "/test.txt") == "test file")
+      fs.write(path .. "/test.txt", "test file")
+      assert(fs.read(path .. "/test.txt") == "test file")
     end
     collectgarbage()
-    assert(not pcall(fs.read, fs, path .. "/test.txt"))
+    assert(not pcall(fs.read, path .. "/test.txt"))
   end)
 end)
diff --git a/crates/lb/tests/net.lua b/crates/lb/tests/net.lua
index 1bc2fc5..a800206 100644
--- a/crates/lb/tests/net.lua
+++ b/crates/lb/tests/net.lua
@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@ if not ok then return end
 describe("tcp", function()
   describe("socket", function()
     test("bind", function()
-      local socket = net:bind_tcp("127.0.0.1")
+      local socket = net.bind_tcp("127.0.0.1")
 
       -- binds to the correct port
       assert(tostring(socket:local_addr():ip()) == "127.0.0.1")
       assert(socket:local_addr():port() ~= 0)
 
       -- should not be able to rebind socket
-      assert(not pcall(socket.bind, socket, net:socketaddr("127.0.0.1")))
+      assert(not pcall(socket.bind, socket, net.socketaddr("127.0.0.1")))
     end)
   end)
 end)
diff --git a/crates/lb/tests/task.lua b/crates/lb/tests/task.lua
index 5cd0843..c707333 100644
--- a/crates/lb/tests/task.lua
+++ b/crates/lb/tests/task.lua
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ describe("sleep", function()
       value = "value"
     end)
     assert(value == nil)
-    task:sleep(100) -- implicit await: if it's synchronous, value wouldn't change
+    task.sleep(100) -- implicit await: if it's synchronous, value wouldn't change
     assert(value == "value")
   end)
 end)
diff --git a/crates/luaffi/src/lib.rs b/crates/luaffi/src/lib.rs
index 5e1fc92..3855db4 100644
--- a/crates/luaffi/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/luaffi/src/lib.rs
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ impl<'r> MetatypeBuilder<'r> {
         name: impl Display,
         f: impl FnOnce(&mut MetatypeFunctionBuilder),
     ) -> &mut Self {
-        write!(self.lua, "__idx.{name} = ").unwrap();
+        write!(self.lua, "Self.{name} = ").unwrap();
         f(&mut MetatypeFunctionBuilder::new(self));
         writeln!(self.lua, ";").unwrap();
         self.has_index = true;
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ impl<'r> MetatypeBuilder<'r> {
     }
 
     pub fn index_raw(&mut self, name: impl Display, value: impl Display) -> &mut Self {
-        writeln!(self.lua, "__idx.{name} = {value};").unwrap();
+        writeln!(self.lua, "Self.{name} = {value};").unwrap();
         self.has_index = true;
         self
     }
@@ -395,13 +395,13 @@ impl<'r> Drop for MetatypeBuilder<'r> {
         write!(reg.lua, r#"do local __mt = {{}}; "#).unwrap();
 
         if *has_index {
-            write!(reg.lua, r#"local __idx = {{}}; __mt.__index = __idx; "#).unwrap();
+            write!(reg.lua, r#"local Self = {{}}; __mt.__index = Self; "#).unwrap();
         }
 
         reg.cdef.push_str(cdef);
         reg.lua.push_str(lua.trim_end());
 
-        writeln!(reg.lua, r#"__metatype(__ct.{ct}, __mt); end;"#).unwrap();
+        writeln!(reg.lua, r#" __metatype(__ct.{ct}, __mt); end;"#).unwrap();
 
         for lua in lua_includes {
             writeln!(reg.lua, "do {}\nend;", lua.trim_end()).unwrap();
diff --git a/tests/main.lua b/tests/main.lua
index 481f504..b7d16f0 100644
--- a/tests/main.lua
+++ b/tests/main.lua
@@ -111,8 +111,8 @@ local function main(item)
 end
 
 return main(create_group("", function()
-  local function glob(path, pat)
-    for entry in fs:glob_dir(path, pat) do
+  local function include(path, pat)
+    for entry in fs.glob_dir(path, pat) do
       local path = entry:path()
       local f, err = loadfile(path)
       if not f then error(err) end
@@ -120,6 +120,6 @@ return main(create_group("", function()
     end
   end
 
-  glob("tests", "**/*.lua")
-  glob("crates", "*/tests/**/*.lua")
+  include("tests", "**/*.lua")
+  include("crates", "*/tests/**/*.lua")
 end))